I use a dCS Upsampler that accepts USB2.0 + DAC combo.
Oficially this is not possible. When done right, it would imply a 24bit USB connection.
Ok, dove into it, and I don't think I can let stand what I said in above quote. Or anyway it has to be looked at differently. I'll try ...
1. The 24 bit thing (USB 2.0 audio officially NOT supproting that) is still true.
2. The 24 bit implied connecttion I talked about earlier would exist between the upsampler and the DAC.
3. We must wonder what is reporting to Vista here, the DAC or the upsampler ? I'd say the latter.
4. The specs of the upsampler talk about an asynchronous connection. This would be the Empirical way I talked about. Not 100% sure, but near.
5. The dCS specs do not explitly talk about 16 bits as being an input possibility. It says "up to 24 bits". Almost the same, but be alarmed here.
6. As far as I know, Legacy USB (meaning, what Vista (et al) support officially for USB audio, with MS drivers) should show as a Loudspeaker Device ("USB Audio") in the device list.
7. My earlier expression on upsapling requiering more than 16 bits (hence 24) still stands, but I don't think it applies here. It would if your DAC would be the reporting device, but I thing the upsampler is.
Ok. It may come down to the latter. I
assume an Empirical device does not show like that. But I don't know actually. If at your side it does not show as a Loudspeaker Device, concider it proven that you're not using an USB Audio connection, but a USB data connection which "asynchronous" (dCS specs) suggests.
Btw, might you want to dive into these matters yourself, there have been discussions on the net (IIRC at head-fi) between Steve N. and Gordon J.R.. This is exactly about these matters, where Wavelength also uses an asynchronous connection but in the official way. This comes down to Empirical accepting 24 bit input only and Wavelength accepting 16 bits as well. For Empirical this means that the PC has to uprate to 24 bits first before their DAC (and OffRamp etc.) can be used.
For fun you might examine the specs on Empirical devices, where it doesn't say anywhere that 24 bit input is a must, but the stories about uprating to 24 bits first is way better are all over. Showing the real truth may be too hard, whatever. That is why I said "be alarmed".
The sad point is, that feeding such a device with 24 bits and be done with it, is not enough. Vista WASAPI just reports no DAC to be found when it doesn't comply to the Bill Gates standards, and then you're done.
This is again more complicated than you might think, because one of the parts of WASAPI is Shared Mode, and in Shared Mode your DAC (or upsampler) most probably will be found, because WASAPI will try other modes, may find a 24 bit device DAC and then tells the audio chain in Vista to resample to that (bit)rate from there on. And this is exactly what you do not want (not because I say so, but because of your initial question). That won't be a bit perfect connection ...
Then, as said before, XX eliminated the Shared Mode connection, because people wouldn't know what they listen to, and XX is there for the (intended) best SQ only. So why not eliminate Shared Mode ? the downside is obviously : if your DAC (upsampler) now doesn't talk to Vista in that one and only way it wants (which would be so in Exclusive Mode) you're over and done.
On another matter ... what is this about your Matlab program ? I mean, could it be beneficial here somehow ? On one side you seem to say "I can see everything through that program" (so can you ?) and on the other side you asked your initial question (implying that you at least can't see "that").
I am not discussing conversion by XXHighEnd, but conversion made by Vista and how to avoid it?
Maybe superfluously by now : In WASAPI Exclusive Mode Vista won't resample anything, won't add dither, nothing. It leaves the stream untouched. The problem left is that you must force Exclusive Mode to indeed be active, what a normal WASAPI implementation doesn't do. For example XMPlay does not as soon as it doesn't understand some little thing (about the asked for connection), let alone when the DAC really doesn't support what is asked from it. For e.g. Foobar I could not prove that, but then my DAC is just normal enough to get accepted by normal means. So that proof doesn't say much.
Well, I hope this at least is informative in some way to you.
Peter